We show that in school systems with grade retention or redshirting birth cohort size is negatively related to the grade-level share of students who are too old for their grade. This compositional effect gives…
The decline in the labor force participation of older men throughout the 20th century, as well as the substantial increases in participation among older men and women over the past two decades, have generated…
Women are less financially literate than men and it has been difficult to determine whether this gap reflects a lack of knowledge or, rather, a lack of confidence. To address this important research question, we…
Environmental subsidies are a popular public finance instrument used to reduce carbon emissions. However, there is little evidence on the mechanisms underlying the demand response to the introduction of a…
