1. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-070 // 2025

    Inference for Batched Adaptive Experiments

    The advantages of adaptive experiments have led to their rapid adoption in economics, other fields, as well as among practitioners. However, adaptive experiments pose challenges for causal inference. This note…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-068 // 2025

    VAT Collection Only at the Retail Stage: Evidence on Tax Compliance

    We investigate whether firms engage in VAT evasion at the retail stage—typically a point of weakness in VAT systems—in a high-enforcement, low-informality setting. To measure evasion, we exploit a reform of VAT…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-069 // 2025

    To Release or Not to Release? Preferences for Home Equity Products in Retirement

    How do retirees choose among home equity release products? Despite housing wealth being households’ largest asset, little is known about preferences for different equity release products. We conduct a survey…

  4. Referierte Fachzeitschrift // 2025

    Continuing opportunity recognition in young ventures—the role of founder and joiner experience

    We analyze the continuing role of prior technical experience of top-management team (TMT) members for opportunity recognition beyond the initial market entry choice in young ventures. We are drawing on and…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-065 // 2025

    Fair Market Value of Used Capacity Assets: Forecasts for Repurposed Electric Vehicle Batteries

    In response to growing economic and environmental concerns, companies in a range of industries seek to repurpose products (assets) that retain functional capacity beyond their initial first life. This paper…

  6. Referierte Fachzeitschrift // 2025

    Cluster policy, innovation, and firm productivity. An econometric assessment of the Flemish Spearhead Cluster program

    The Flemish government launched its Spearhead Cluster (SHC) policy in 2017. The aim is to boost strategic sectors by setting up cluster initiatives which coordinate collaborative R&D initiatives. In this paper,…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-067 // 2025

    Harnessing Deductions to Increase Tax Compliance and Formalization

    We evaluate a tax reform in Ecuador that introduced generous deductions from personal income taxes (PIT), encouraging consumers to request receipts. The reform addresses tax evasion by targeting small…

  8. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-066 // 2025

    Effects of the Reverse Charge Mechanism on VAT Gaps

    The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of reverse-charge mechanism (RCM) implementation on VAT compliance using an overall, countrylevel measure of VAT compliance, the VAT gap. The VAT gap is…

  9. ZEW policy brief Nr. 25-12 // 2025

    Missed Potential? The Role of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Shaping Germany’s Future Economy

    Entrepreneurship is essential for innovation and economic growth. Newly founded companies contribute to innovation and technology diffusion and increase pressure on incumbent firms to innovate. In Germany,…