Sustainability is becoming increasingly important for the economy – in many areas it is emerging as a decisive factor. But how can the green transition succeed and how can environmental goals be implemented…

We study Germany’s photovoltaic (PV) subsidy program, estimating a dynamic model of new technology adoption which accounts for heterogeneity in residential ownership structures. We find that homeowner and…

Climate change can cause major challenges for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Responding and adapting to such challenges is crucial, as SMEs are vital for driving economic growth and employment in…

During the post-pandemic inflation surge, many central banks actively used communication about the inflation outlook as a policy tool to limit spillovers from realized to expected inflation. We present novel…

We show that the widespread approach to estimate the career costs of motherhood -- so-called “child penalties” -- is prone to produce biased results, as it pools first-time mothers of all ages without accounting…

Das Leibniz-Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) erhebt seit 1993 jährlich die Innovationsaktivitäten der deutschen Wirtschaft. Die Erhebung findet im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Bildung…

For investors, the decision to install photovoltaic (PV) systems largely depends on whether the investment proves worthwhile. Subsidies play an important role in this context. Currently, the German subsidy…

This study evaluates the effectiveness of tax incentives, with a particular focus on incentives for research and development (R&D). It analyses different design options for tax incentives and shows that…