1. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-065 // 2025

    Fair Market Value of Used Capacity Assets: Forecasts for Repurposed Electric Vehicle Batteries

    In response to growing economic and environmental concerns, companies in a range of industries seek to repurpose products (assets) that retain functional capacity beyond their initial first life. This paper…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-067 // 2025

    Harnessing Deductions to Increase Tax Compliance and Formalization

    We evaluate a tax reform in Ecuador that introduced generous deductions from personal income taxes (PIT), encouraging consumers to request receipts. The reform addresses tax evasion by targeting small…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-066 // 2025

    Effects of the Reverse Charge Mechanism on VAT Gaps

    The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of reverse-charge mechanism (RCM) implementation on VAT compliance using an overall, countrylevel measure of VAT compliance, the VAT gap. The VAT gap is…

  4. ZEW policy brief No. 25-12 // 2025

    Missed Potential? The Role of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Shaping Germany’s Future Economy

    Entrepreneurship is essential for innovation and economic growth. Newly founded companies contribute to innovation and technology diffusion and increase pressure on incumbent firms to innovate. In Germany,…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-060 // 2025

    Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis

    Urged by the European Energy Crisis and the threatening consequences of severe natural gas shortages, energy providers launched gas-saving initiatives incorporating financial incentives to reduce residential…

  6. ZEW Monthly // 2025

    11/2025 – World of Work

    The world of work is undergoing a profound transformation: Economic uncertainties, the desire for a better work-life balance and changing expectations towards employers are shaping the everyday lives of many…