1. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-015 // 2025

    Competition Among Digital Services: Evidence From the 2021 Meta Outage

    On October 4, 2021, all services provided by Meta Platforms, Inc. (then Facebook, Inc.) became unavailable unexpectedly for all its worldwide users for a period of about six hours. We use detailed high‐frequency…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-014 // 2025

    Founder Personality and Scaling Decisions in Entrepreneurial Firms

    Personality drives human decision-making. Research on corporate research and development(R&D), however, typically considers strategic decision-making to be independent of the decisionmaker’s personality traits.…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-016 // 2025

    Skills, Job Application Strategies, and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence From Online Freelancing

    This paper examines how worker skills and job application behavior contribute to the gender wage gap on a major online freelancing platform. We observe significant occupational sorting by gender, with women…

  4. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Passing on the Flame: Do Mega Sports Events Promote Health Behaviours?

    To justify billion-dollar public expenditures on mega sports events, proponents often suggest lasting improvements in health behaviours among the general public. To estimate the returns to health behaviours from…

  5. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Mandated Sick Pay: Coverage, Utilization, and Crowding-In Effects

    Using the National Compensation Survey from 2009 to 2022 and difference-in-differences methods, we find that state-level sick pay mandates are effective in broadening access for U.S. workers. Increases in…

  6. Non-Refereed Journal // 2025

    Der Weg zu mehr Wirkungsorientierung im Bundeshaushalt

    In international comparison, Germany is considered a latecomer when it comes to performance budgeting. After clarifying the central concepts of goal- and impact-oriented budgeting and its historical foundations,…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-009 // 2025

    Bidding for Subsidies With One’s Patience

    We study the problem of distributing subsidies in a market that includes both marginal individuals in need of assistance and infra-marginal individuals who would purchase the subsidized product without…