1. ZEW policy brief No. 25-04 // 2025

    Financing the Green Transition: The Role of Private Capital

    The greening of the European economy will require large amounts of capital to flow into green projects. As the public sector alone will not be able to achieve this, European capital markets and the European…

  2. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Framing effects in consumer expectations surveys

    In a randomized survey experiment, I test how variations in question wording and format influence response behavior. Participants from a representative sample in Germany are divided into four groups, each…

  3. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Public procurement as an innovation policy: Where do we stand?

    Scholars and policymakers have long recognized the potential of public procurement as an industrial policy tool to incentivize innovation. However, it remains unclear to what extent this potential has been…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-015 // 2025

    Competition Among Digital Services: Evidence From the 2021 Meta Outage

    On October 4, 2021, all services provided by Meta Platforms, Inc. (then Facebook, Inc.) became unavailable unexpectedly for all its worldwide users for a period of about six hours. We use detailed high‐frequency…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-014 // 2025

    Founder Personality and Scaling Decisions in Entrepreneurial Firms

    Personality drives human decision-making. Research on corporate research and development(R&D), however, typically considers strategic decision-making to be independent of the decisionmaker’s personality traits.…

  6. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-016 // 2025

    Skills, Job Application Strategies, and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence From Online Freelancing

    This paper examines how worker skills and job application behavior contribute to the gender wage gap on a major online freelancing platform. We observe significant occupational sorting by gender, with women…

  7. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Passing on the Flame: Do Mega Sports Events Promote Health Behaviours?

    To justify billion-dollar public expenditures on mega sports events, proponents often suggest lasting improvements in health behaviours among the general public. To estimate the returns to health behaviours from…

  8. Refereed Journal // 2025

    Mandated Sick Pay: Coverage, Utilization, and Crowding-In Effects

    Using the National Compensation Survey from 2009 to 2022 and difference-in-differences methods, we find that state-level sick pay mandates are effective in broadening access for U.S. workers. Increases in…

  9. Non-Refereed Journal // 2025

    Der Weg zu mehr Wirkungsorientierung im Bundeshaushalt

    In international comparison, Germany is considered a latecomer when it comes to performance budgeting. After clarifying the central concepts of goal- and impact-oriented budgeting and its historical foundations,…