Core Indicators
Innovation expenditure: internal and external expenditure on innovation activities:
- internal expenditure on research and development
- expenditure on externally commissioned R&D contracts
- expenditure on machinery, plant, buildings, software and external knowledge (e.g. patents) for innovation
- training for innovation
- market launch of innovations (including market research)
- Conceptualisation, design, construction and measurement/testing/inspection for new products, services, processes or business models; preparation for the manufacture or distribution of innovations
Figures in billions of euros at current prices
Innovation intensity:
Innovation expenditure as a percentage of the turnover of all enterprises (i.e. both those with innovation expenditure and those without)
Ongoing R&D:
In-house research and development activities carried out on a continuous basis.
Research and development: systematic, creative work aimed at expanding existing knowledge and utilising it to develop new applications, such as new or significantly improved products or processes, including software development
Figured as a percentage of all enterprise
Innovations:
- The introduction of new or improved products onto the market which differ significantly from those previously offered by the company (product innovations)
- The introduction of new or improved processes within the enterprise which differ significantly from those previously used by the enterprise (process innovations)
Percentage of all enterprise
New products on the market:
Product innovations that were not previously available on the market
Figures shown as a percentage of all enterprise
Cost-reducing process innovations:
Process innovations that have led to a reduction in the average cost per unit or operation
Share of turnover from product innovations:
Turnover generated in the reporting year from product innovations launched onto the market during the preceding three-year period
Expressed as a percentage of the total turnover of all enterprise
Share of turnover accounted for by new market products:
Turnover generated in the reporting year from product innovations that were launched onto the market during the preceding three-year period and which were not previously available on the market
Expressed as a percentage of the total turnover of all enterprise
Reduction in unit costs through process innovations:
Percentage of the average cost per unit or operation that was reduced in the reporting year through process innovations introduced within the enterprise over the preceding three-year period