1. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-062 // 2023

    Heterogeneous Expectations among Professional Forecasters

    Macroeconomic expectations of various economic agents are characterized by substantial cross-sectional heterogeneity. In this paper, we focus on expectations heterogeneity among professional forecasters. We…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-060 // 2023

    Cashless Payments and Tax Evasion: Evidence from VAT Gaps in the EU

    This paper explores the connection between the proliferation of cashless, or e-money, payments and value-added tax (VAT) compliance. We present both visual and descriptive evidence that illustrates a negative…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-059 // 2023

    YouTube “Adpocalypse”: The YouTubers’ Journey from Ad-Based to Patron-Based Revenues

    In the past decade, the Creator Economy has witnessed unprecedented growth. This dynamic ecosystem thrives on a multi-sided business model, connecting content creators, users, and advertisers. However, matching…

  4. ZEW Monthly // 2023

    12/2023 – Highlights from 2023

    An eventful year is drawing to a close. In the last issue of this year’s ZEW Monthly, we look back at what shaped 2023. Among other things, we have included selected editorial highlights from research at ZEW…

  5. M&A Report // 2023

    December 2023

    • ZEW M&A Index Stabilises at Low Level
    • Acquiring AI Expertise
    • M&A Activities in the Biotechnology Sector
    • Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions in Germany
  6. Unternehmensschließungen // 2023

    Dezember 2023

    • Schließungen 2022 – Deutliche Zunahme im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe und bei innovativen Branchen
  7. ZEW-Finanzmarktreport // 2023

    Dezember 2023

    • Lageeinschätzung und Konjunkturerwartungen trotzen der Haushaltskrise
    • Eurozone: Erwartete Zinswende bei Stabilisierung der Inflationserwartungen
    • USA: Normalisierung der Wirtschaftsindikatoren erwartet
    • China…
  8. ZEW-Branchenreport Informationswirtschaft // 2023

    3. Quartal 2023

    • Wenig Dynamik bei Konjunktureinschätzung
    • ChatGPT & Co. werden Teil des Arbeitsalltags
  9. Discussion and Working Paper // 2023

    Child Penalty Estimation and Mothers' Age at First Birth

    Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women’s careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is crucial for understanding the persistent gender inequality in the labor market. We show that the…

  10. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-058 // 2023

    State-Owned Enterprises, Fiscal Transparency, and the Circumvention of Fiscal Rules: The Case of Germany

    State-owned enterprises (SOEs) provide opportunities for a more flexible and marketbased provision of public services. At the same time, they may impair fiscal transparency and offer politicians discretion in…

  11. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 23-057 // 2023

    The Impact of Communist Party Membership on Wealth Distribution and Accumulation in Urban China

    This paper provides the first in-depth investigation into the evolution of the wealth gap between CCP and non-CCP households in urban China from 1995 to 2017. We apply unconditional quantile regression (UQR) to…