We study how terminated correspondent banking relationships affect international trade. Drawing on firm-level export data from emerging Europe, we show that when local banks lose access to correspondent…

Using a unique matched bank-employer-employee administrative dataset for Italy, we construct an exogenous firm-level measure of exposure to the credit shock during the Global Financial Crisis, based on…

For developing and implementing innovations that improve a firm's environmental performance ('eco-innovation'), external knowledge and technologies, and hence the openness of a firm, are crucial. This paper…