1. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-053 // 2025

    OECD Pillar Two Compliance Costs: A Quantitative Assessment for EU-Headquartered Groups

    This study examines the compliance costs of OECD Pillar Two, i.e., the “Global Minimum Tax,” for multinational enterprises headquartered in the European Union. Collecting data from chief financial officers and…

  2. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-055 // 2025

    The Anatomy of U.S. Sick Leave Schemes: Evidence From Public School Teachers

    We study how public school teachers use paid sick leave. Most US sick leave schemes operate as individualized credit accounts: Paid leave is earned, and unused leave accumulates. We construct a unique dataset of…

  3. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-049 // 2025

    Human Capital, Unequal Opportunities and Productivity Convergence: A Global Historical Perspective, 1800–2100

    This paper constructs a new global historical database on public expenditure and revenue and their components—particularly education and health expenditure—covering all world regions over the 1800-2025 period.…

  4. ZEW-Finanzmarktreport // 2025

    Oktober 2025

    • Hoffnung auf Aufschwung bleibt intakt, Lage verschlechtert sich weiter
    • Eurozone: Konjunkturstimmung bleibt weitgehend stabil
    • USA: Lageindikator im Plus; Erwartungen aufgehellt, Zinserwartungen steigen
    • China:…
  5. ZEW policy brief Nr. 25-11 // 2025

    Catalysts for Change: Can Green Bonds Accelerate Europe’s Transition to a Green Economy?

    Nearly two decades of green bond issues have ignited various research questions and fields surrounding the topic. It is therefore time to take stock. Green bonds were launched with the goal of greening the…

  6. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-051 // 2025

    Televised Inflation: Measuring TV News Coverage and Its Effect on Household Expectations

    This paper introduces a novel TV news index specifically designed to track coverage of rising inflation across major US TV channels: ABC, CBS, CNN, and Fox News. The index is generated daily and aggregated into…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-052 // 2025

    The State of European Entrepreneurship: Trends in Quantity and Quality in France, Germany, and the UK (2009–2023)

    This paper replicates and extends the framework of Guzman and Stern (2020) to examine the evolution of entrepreneurial activity in Europe, focusing on France, Germany, and the United Kingdom between 2009 and…

  8. ZEW Discussion Paper Nr. 25-050 // 2025

    Regulatory Capacity in a Game of Asymmetric Regulation

    In a model of asymmetric regulation, a firm can comply with two regulatory targets, and a regulator can audit the firm for compliance. Inspection by the regulator is imperfect, and it assesses the firm’s…

  9. ZEW Monthly // 2025

    09/2025 – Zukunftsfähigkeit

    Wie sieht unser Gesundheitssystem der Zukunft aus? Wie gestaltet man sinnvolle Innovationspolitik? Und wie können wir nachhaltige Energieversorgung sicherstellen, wenn sich die wirtschaftlichen und…