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Searched for Measuring instrument.
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• Projects // 01.02.2025

  The role of fiscal policy for monetary decision making in the ECB – Empirical diagnosis and monitoring ECB transparency

  which commenced in 2010 and culminated in the 2022 decision regarding the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI). The Governing Council of the ECB has justified these decisions, the majority of which were [...] twofold: firstly, to develop and implement innovative empirical research designs that can be used to measure the possible influence of fiscal developments on ECB monetary policy decisions; and secondly, to
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  Press Releases // 10.09.2024

  ZEW Economist Friedrich Heinemann on Draghi’s Report on European Competitiveness

  businesses are also strong. Draghi calls not only for restraint in new legislation, but also for a measurable reduction in reporting obligations for companies. In terms of climate policy, the report takes [...] of concepts used in planned economy. Overall, the report lacks appreciation for market-based instruments in climate policy. The highly successful European Emissions Trading Scheme is discussed mainly [...] financing role or as a cost burden for certain industries. Ideas on how to expand such market-based instruments are largely absent, even though many environmental economists see this as the best way to achieve
• Publications // 12.08.2024

  Refereed Journal - R&D policy instrument mix sequencing: Evaluating the impact of receiving R&D grants and R&D tax credits over time on firm-level R&D

  R&D policy instrument mix as a static unit, whereby firms receive different R&D policy instruments at one point in time. However, firms can also receive different instruments in a sequence, over [...] different R&D policy instruments (R&D grants and R&D tax credits) pursuing the same policy objective. We develop a novel approach to measure R&D policy instrument mix sequencing, focusing [...] The R&D policy instrument mix concept has become increasingly important for understanding how public R&D support drives firm-level R&D. To-date, empirical studies have conceptualised the R&D
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  News // 27.05.2024

  Strengthening Germany as a Centre of Innovation

  barriers are among the most serious obstacles to innovation. The government has initiated a series of measures to improve the conditions for doing business in Germany: Bureaucracy Reduction Act I to Bureaucracy [...] develop a competitive advantage. These must be strengthened during the transformation process. One instrument to orientate the public budget more consistently towards sustainability is the future quota proposed
• Publications // 26.03.2024

  ZEW Discussion Paper - Evidence on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Skills Shortage

  Panel on both the adoption of AI and the extent to which firms experience scarcity of skills. We measure skills shortage by the number of job vacancies that could not be filled as planned by firms, dis [...] types of skills. To account for the potential endogeneity of skills shortage, we also implement instrumental variable estimators. Overall, we find a positive and significant effect of skills shortage on
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  Press Releases // 12.01.2024

  Cost-Sharing Reduces Unnecessary Surgeries

  choose an insurer that does not reimburse such services. At the same time, the minister’s planned measures will not be sufficient to prevent future increases in contribution rates. Given the economic situation [...] directly should be maintained, but at higher contribution rates. Higher co-payments are a market-based instrument to reduce unnecessary surgical interventions. For example, the majority of back surgeries are proven
• Publications // 02.01.2024

  ZEW Discussion Paper - Local Networks and New Business Formation

  to a measure of ownership concentration, we show that networks provide additional explanations for regional variation in new business formations. These patterns are robust to synthetic instrumental variable
• Publications // 20.10.2023

  ZEW Discussion Paper - Mobilizing Credit for Clean Energy: De-risking and Public Loan Provision Under Learning Spillovers

  loan provision addresses and the role it can play in a policy strategy that also features policy instruments that directly address environmental and innovation externalities, remain unclear. Here, we develop [...] equilibrium with loans exists. Public provision of early-stage loans is inferior to de-risking instruments when solving the cooperation problem because it crowds out private banks’ loan provision [...] pushing the banking sector to a better equilibrium, ideally in combination with additional de-risking measures to internalize learning spillovers.
• Projects // 01.05.2023

  Importance of Works Councils in Start-up Companies

  Within the framework of the start-up strategy, measures will be launched in ten different fields of action. One of these fields of action includes instruments to make it easier to attract talent for start-ups
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  News // 14.04.2023

  The Dilemma of Climate Policy

  and subsidies remain uneconomical, climate goals can only be achieved through sweeping bans. Such measures are not only unpopular, but also inefficient. - Germany’s goal of climate-neutrality by 2045 heralds [...] y cheap, switching appliances will be uneconomical for most households. Three possible policy instruments could invert this relationship: Price increases for fossil fuels, subsidies for electric vehicles [...] emissions trading scheme is the most economical way to facilitate green transformation. All other instruments, i.e. subsidies or bans, are a comparatively expensive way to electrification. The challenges we