1. Refereed Journal // 2009

    Illegal trade in the Iranian economy: evidence from structural equation model

    This study investigates the causes and consequences of import and export smuggling and estimates its relative size in Iran from 1970 to 2002. Multiple Indicators–Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling and trade…

  2. Refereed Journal // 2009

    The effects of oil price shocks on the Iranian economy

    The Iranian economy is highly vulnerable to oil price fluctuations. This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between oil price shocks and major macroeconomic variables in Iran by applying a VAR approach. The…

  3. Refereed Journal // 2009

    The value of the last digit: statistical fraud detection with digit analysis

    Digit distributions are a popular tool for the detection of tax payers’ noncompliance and other fraud. In the early stage of digital analysis, Nigrini and Mittermaier (A J Pract Theory 16(2):52–67, 1997) made…

  4. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-072 // 2009

    Intensifying the Use of Benefit Sanctions - An Effective Tool to Shorten Welfare Receipt and Speed up Transitions to Employment?

    During the last two decades many countries have reformed their welfare systems with the aim of shifting labor market policies from passive benefit receipt towards increased job search and work requirements. As…

  5. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-071 // 2009

    Mobile Network Interconnection and Investments

    European mobile communication markets are two-stage markets which are composed of the infrastructure (the network and its components) and the service markets (telephony, mobile internet, SMS). In contrast to…

  6. KfW/ZEW CO2 Panel // 2009

    July 2009

    Within the KfW/ZEW CO2 Indicator carbon market experts has been asked in early June about their assessment of the state and trends in the carbon market. Questions like price expectations for European Emission…

  7. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-070 // 2009

    A Socio-economic Analysis of Youth Disconnectedness

    In this paper we investigate the prevalence of "disconnectedness" among German youth. Youth disconnectedness can have several dimensions. Unemployment, failure in school, the lack of an intimate relationship and…

  8. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 09-069 // 2009

    Geduld von Vorschulkindern - Ergebnisse einer Experimentalstudie im Haushaltskontext von Kindern

    In this study, we use an experimental dataset collected in the framework of the longitudinal German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study to investigate possible determinants of delayed gratification in children…