The COVID-19 pandemic exogenously hit many economies early 2020. Exploiting treatment heterogeneity, we use a conditional difference-in-differences design to causally identify how COVID-19 impacted firms'…
We show that in school systems with grade retention or redshirting birth cohort size is negatively related to the grade-level share of students who are too old for their grade. This compositional effect gives…
We analyze the technology sovereignty of Europe, the US, China, Japan, and Korea, representing the world’s leading innovators. By examining citations from the universe of PCT patent applications between 2000 and…
The global economic landscape has fundamentally shifted from the paradigm of globalization to renewed concerns regarding the risks and rewards of technological interdependence. This shift has sparked a critical…
